Small military drones and the creation of the remote pilots club in the Cadet Corps of the Air Force

Authors

  • Thiago Bernardo dos Reis Melo Base Aérea de Natal, BANT, Parnamirim, RN, Brasil
  • Eduardo Araújo da Silva Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aeroespaciais, PPGCA, Universidade da Força Aérea, UNIFA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
  • Leonardo Nunes Camargo Divisão de Ensino, Academia da Força Aérea, AFA, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22480/rev.unifa.2025.38.870

Keywords:

Unmanned Aircraft, Training, Cadet Corps, Doctrine, Technology

Abstract

This article aims to demonstrate the importance of unmanned aircraft (UA - Unmanned Aircraft), or drones, of small size, in the military scope, highlighting the need to prepare troops and the relevance of their use in the face of modern armed conflicts. Due to the vast diversity of significant aspects, the use of drones is in continuous growth, mainly as a surveillance, intelligence and reconnaissance vector in the military context. Versatility, low operating costs, less exposure of human resources to risks and reduced side effects are examples of factors that make the use of this disruptive technology increasingly relevant. The research has an exploratory nature and is based on a qualitative approach, seeking to collect information through technical, normative and doctrinal databases on the subject. To this end, the essay presents, at first, a brief history of drones, with a view to perceiving the global evolution of the segment. In the background, the forms of application of small drones in the contemporary context will be addressed, as well as the existing regulatory systems and bodies in the national territory and, finally, in a third agenda, the possibilities of using this tool in the military scope. As a complement to the research, considering the military, intellectual and professional attributes, which are prerequisites for the formation of leaders of a modern Air Force, it is proposed the creation of the Remote Pilots Club in the Cadet Corps of the Air Force.

Author Biographies

  • Thiago Bernardo dos Reis Melo, Base Aérea de Natal, BANT, Parnamirim, RN, Brasil

    Undergraduate in Aeronautical Sciences and Public Administration at the Officer Training Course of the Air Force Academy.

  • Eduardo Araújo da Silva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aeroespaciais, PPGCA, Universidade da Força Aérea, UNIFA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

    PhD candidate in Aerospace Sciences at UNIFA and Master's in Education from UFRRJ. Specialist in Military Law (UCAM) and Technological Education (CEFET/RJ). Bachelor's in Law (UCAM), Bachelor's in Public Security (UFF), Graduate in Pedagogy (FIC) and in Air Traffic Management (CIAAR). Head of the UAS Coordination and Control Section at DECEA, Operational Safety Inspector (ASOCEA), and Certified Investigator Element (CENIPA). Holds courses on Strategic Policies against Complex Threats (CPEAC) from the Higher War School (ESG) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (CEVANT) from CBMERJ. Completed the Preparatory Stages for Peacekeeping Mission (EPMP) by the General Staff and United Nations Military Observer through the Naval Peace Operations Center (CopPazNav) of the Brazilian Navy. Participated as an Instructor of UAS Doctrine at the Brazilian Joint Peace Operations Center (CCOPAB). He is the Head of the UAS Coordination and Control Section of the Airspace Control Department (DECEA) and a Specialist Air Traffic Control Captain of the Brazilian Air Force.

  • Leonardo Nunes Camargo, Divisão de Ensino, Academia da Força Aérea, AFA, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil

    Doctor in Philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC - PR). Master in Philosophy from the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC - PR) completed in 2017. Holds a specialization in Ethics completed in 2014 (PUC-PR). Graduated in Philosophy from Faculdade Vicentina, completed in 2012. Coordinator of the Research Group Philosophy and Law: limits and possibilities of the use of new technologies in digital society. Member of the Work Groups: GT Hans Jonas and GT Philosophy of Technology and Technique, both ANPOF. Member of the Philosophical Investigations Group on Transhumanism and Human Enhancement (GIFT-H+) of CNPQ. Professor of Philosophy at the Brazilian Air Force Academy (AFA). Currently researching topics related to transhumanism and the thought of Hans Jonas, focusing on themes such as: freedom, technique, technology, ethics, and bioethics.

References

AEROJR. A História dos Drones. Disponível em: https://aerojr.com/blog/drones-atraves-da-historia. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2023.

AL-GARNI, A. D. Drones in the Ukrainian war: Will they be an effective weapon in future wars? Disponível em: https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/Drones-in-the-Ukrainian-War-Will-They-Be-an-Effective-Weapon-in-Future-Wars.pdf. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

BARRETO, W. Drones armados na guerra moderna: existem regras no Brasil? Belo Horizonte: Editora Dialética, 2021.

BLOM, John David. Unmanned Aerial Systems: a historical perspective. Occasional Paper 37. 2010. Disponível em: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/cace/CSI/CSIPubs/OP37.pdf. Acesso em 21 fev. 2024.

BRANDÃO, Hermerson. Conheça o “Morcego Fantasma”. Novo Boeing MQ-28 que voa com IA.2022. Disponível em: https://gizmodo.uol.com.br/conheca-o-morcego-fantasmanovo-boeing-mq-28-que-voa-com-ia. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2023.

BRASIL. Comando da Aeronáutica. Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo. Tráfego Aéreo. ICA 100-40. Rio de Janeiro, 2023. Aeronaves Não Tripuladas e o Acesso ao Espaço Aéreo Brasileiro. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.decea.mil.br. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2023.

BRASIL. Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil. RBAC-E nº 94. Requisitos gerais para aeronaves não tripuladas de uso civil. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.anac.gov.br/assuntos/legislacao/legislacao-1/rbha-e-rbac/rbac/rbac-e-94. Acesso em: 16 maio 2023.

BRASIL. Comando da Aeronáutica. DCA 1-1. Doutrina Básica da Força Aérea Brasileira. Vol. I e II. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.sislaer.fab.mil.br. Acesso em: 11 maio 2022.

BRASIL. Classes de Drones (RPA). Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC). Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/anac/pt-br/assuntos/drones/classes-de-drones. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

BROTERO, M.; MARTINS, A. Guerra na Ucrânia: entenda por que ataques com drones têm sido cada vez mais comuns. Disponível em: https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/guerra-na-ucrania-entenda-por-que-ataques-com-drones-tem-sido-cada-vez-mais-comuns. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2024.

BUZZO, L. História dos Drones: do início aos dias de hoje. ODrones, 19 Apr. 2015. Disponível em: https://odrones.com.br/historia-dos-drones. Acesso em: 6 fev. 2024

DECEA. Drones: solicitações de voos aumentam 25% em 2023. Notícia Destaque. Rio de Janeiro, 22 jan. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.decea.mil.br/?i=midia-e-informacao&p=pg_noticia&materia=drones-solicitacoes-de-voos-aumentam-25-em-2023#:~:text=O%20aumento%20de%2025%25%20em,tipo%20de%20voo%20no%20pa%C3%ADs. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2024.

DECEA. Qual a diferença entre drone, VANT e RPAS? Central de Ajuda DECEA. Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: https://ajuda.decea.mil.br/base-de-conhecimento/qual-a-diferenca-entre-drone-vant-e-rpas. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2023.

DOUGHERTY, Martin J. Drones: Guia das Aeronaves Não Tripuladas que Estão Tomando Conta de Nossos Céus. São Paulo: M.Books do Brasil Editora, 2019.

DOUHET, Giulio. O domínio do Ar. trad: Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais da Aeronáutica. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1988.

HAMBLING, D. Swarm troopers: How small drones will conquer the world. Archangel Ink, 2015.

KUNERTOVA, D. The war in Ukraine shows the game-changing effect of drones depends on the game. The Bulletin of the atomic scientists, v. 79, n. 2, p. 95–102, 2023.

MARINHO, Carlos Alberto Branco. Desenvolvimento do classificador Pixel Explorer (PEX), para a discretização de alvos em imagens multiespectrais. 2019. Disponivel em: https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/37384. Acesso:09/08/2020.

MITTAL, Vikram. Puzzling Out the Drone War Over Ukraine To date, Russia has had little to show for a $9 billion investment in UAVs. Ieee Spectrum, 2022. Disponível em: https://spectrum.ieee.org/ukraine-drone-war. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW. A marinha dos EUA quer usar enxames de milhares de pequenos drones. Disponível em: https://mittechreview.com.br/a-marinha-dos-eua-quer-usar-enxames-de-milhares-de-pequenos-drones. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

NANDA, Prakash. The Big ‘Show-Down’ Of Drones – Decoding Why SuperPower Russia Is Losing The UAV War To An Impuissant Ukraine. The EurAsian Times, 2022. Disponível em: https://eurasiantimes.com/why-russia-is-losing-the-uavwar-to-an-impuissant-ukraine. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

NASA - NASA, NOAA and aerosonde team up on hurricane observation milestone. [s.d.].

PERES, Hugo. Vista do Desenvolvimento de veículos aéreos não tripulados no Brasil: interesses nacionais, desafios internacionais. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/55387/35029. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023.

PICCOLLI, Larlecianne. Armas Estratégicas e Equilíbrio Internacional: a Política de Defesa da Rússia no Século XXI - Aspectos Normativos e Operacionais. Tese (Doutorado). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais. Porto Alegre, 2019.

POLITA, É. Da inteligência ao emprego estratégico de drones pelos Estados

Unidos: uma avaliação da relação entre tecnologia e lideranças. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais, Porto Alegre, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/221991/001126745.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2023.

SILVA, E. A.; ROSA, C. E. V.; SOUZA, R. S. Detecção e Contenção: medidas para a salvaguarda das áreas sensíveis e de segurança contra drones irregulares, desconhecidos e maliciosos. Revista Brasileira de Inteligência, v. 18, p. 189–209, 2023.

SCHMITT, E. Threats and Responses: The Battlefield. US Would Use Drones to Attack Targets. The New York Times. New York, 06 nov. 2002. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/06/world/threats-responses-battlefield-us-would-use-drones-attack-iraqi-targets.html. Acesso em: 25 jun. 2023.

THE DRONE Operators who halted the russian armoured vehicles heading. The Guardian. England, 28 mar. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com.world/2022/mar/28/the-drone-operators-who-haltedthe-russian-armoured-vehicles-heading-for-kyiv. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2023

THE EDITORS OF ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. V-1 missile, 8 Jun. 2023. (Nota técnica).

URCOSTA, Ridvan Bari. The Revolution in Drone Warfare: The Lessons from the Idlib De-Escalation Zone. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JEMEAA/Display/Article/2329510/the-revolution-in-dronewarfare-the-lessons-from-the-idlib-de-escalation-zone. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2023.

Published

2025-08-25

Issue

Section

Update Articles

How to Cite

Small military drones and the creation of the remote pilots club in the Cadet Corps of the Air Force. The Journal of the University of the Air Force , Rio de Janeiro, v. 38, p. 1–22, 2025. DOI: 10.22480/rev.unifa.2025.38.870. Disponível em: https://revistadaunifa.fab.mil.br/index.php/reunifa/article/view/870.. Acesso em: 31 aug. 2026.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 264

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.